pros and cons of descriptive representation

Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Substantive and Descriptive Representation in Swiss Cantons Bobo, L., & Gilliam, F. D, Jr. (1990). nicknames with honey in them; westminster college wrestling; how do cat cafes pass health inspections; arcadia edu audio tour; karns supermarket weekly ads Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. (2009). Social Science Quarterly, 88(5), 11061123. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation - SpringerLink By using descriptive research in conjunction with other research methods, researchers can gain a more complete understanding of a particular topic or phenomenon. Women and Public Policy Program | Harvard Kennedy School When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents' interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. The Gender and Conflict initiative unites faculty, students, and researchers at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond to study gender in non-violent and violent social movements and the social and institutional factors influencing the prevalence of gender-based violence. In the profession of Psychology, watching people, animals, possessions in an environment are called observation. When Descriptive Research is the Right Choice To investigate this, we also ran an identical treatment on an MTurk sample that allowed us to identify subjects zip codes. For example, research studying the morphology and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is descriptive. So it can be said that fundamentally numerical values are obtained. Naturalistic observation is around us and can used by the ordinary person to a psychologist in extensive research. 1996: 2). Another benefit of descriptive research is that it enables you to determine the behavior of people in a natural setting. The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires descriptive representation far more . Social Science Quarterly, 86(2), 444462. It is not always wise to compromise. In the following paragraphs, I will describe the behavior I wished to observe in my chosen laboratory, the results that I obtained, and I will have provided a detailed explanation of my observation method used. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation: Women's Quotas 5. They would indicate a first choice, a second choice, a third, and so forth. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. pros and cons of descriptive representation. Sample : A Sample data set contains a . Pros: 1. Pros and Cons of Experimental Research | Vision Launch Media Talking about politics: Gender and contextual effects on political proselytizing. Just 5 countries in the world today use a system that is based on plurality voting. The SPAE is a national survey that is used to gauge the quality of the election experience. But conflict and disagreement can be quite beneficial. @HarvardHBS professor @francescagino. Higher levels of education were associated with higher perceptions of fairness. 2. ; ; (1997). Scholarship evaluating the substantive benefits of Latino representation has produced conflicting results. Italy has proportional representation built into their government structures. hayward permit application 0 items / $ 0.00. update sklearn version in jupyter notebook Menu. For instance: watching a person (or people) order food, hold a door open for another person, or greet someone would be considered a few examples of naturalistic observation. The limitations of descriptive research include that it cannot explain why something is happening and may be biased. descriptive representation pros and cons. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Drawing on data from a nationally representative sample and two supplemental experiments, we show that citizens value descriptive representation independently of substantive representation. At the same time, greater inclusion can also lead toward higher levels of extremism within the government, while encouraging more gridlock if the political parties are unable to find a pathway toward compromise. How Do People React When They Encounter Problems While Voting? They get straight to the point, without relying on consumers . Atkeson, L. R., & Carrillo, N. (2007). Book Advantages And Disadvantages Of Descriptive Research It can be an unstable form of government. Correspondence to A: MMP or mixed-member proportional representation is a political system used in places like New Zealand and Germany, where voters cast a two-part ballot, selecting both a preferred local. However, due to its low precision in forecasting, it is not possible to specify the causes and effects of the phenomenon studied. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Proportional Representations Pros and Cons. Amazons Mechanical Turk is an online system through which workers can complete short tasks for compensation. When a person is unaware they are being observed it reduces change in behavior, which can occur when if they are aware that they are being observed. - Volume 55 Issue 2. By making the decision-making process more . descriptive representation for both intrinsic and (perceived) instrumental reasons. Most importantly in naturalistic observation, the researcher does not interfere with the situation in any way. Representing Yourself in Court. Google Scholar. As a society, we perform naturalistic observation on a daily basis whether we realize it or not. Part of Springer Nature. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils proposals are formulated against the foil of the dominant model of . Candidate gender and womens psychological engagement in politics. RT @Kennedy_School: According to a recent study by @HKS_PeopleLab researchers, including HKS's @ElizabethLinos, government communications c, Join @ipinst @swiss_un & @INTGenderChamps for a discussion on Using Innovation & Technology to Ad. Posted on June 16, 2022 June 16, 2022 A. In this paper, we employ a novel experimental design to investigate how citizens feel about the relative importance of descriptive and substantive representation. This type of design does not allow to establish causal relationships, since they do not have the possibility of controlling variables, and their internal validity is not very reliable. Grose, C. R. (2011). Race and turnout: Does descriptive representation in state legislatures increase minority voting? The Women and Public Policys faculty, research fellows, and students are committed to advancing women and gender equity globally. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. Casellas, J. P., & Wallace, S. J. (2004). Constituency, party, and representation in Congress. Descriptive representation is hotly contested. Thibaut, J. W., Walker, L., et al. We would also like to thank attendees at Vanderbilts Experimental Methods Speaker Series as well as anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. (2015). The Legitimacy of Representation: How Descriptive, Formal, and ; ; . They allow to formulate hypotheses, as well as provide a large amount of valuable data for the development of future investigations. Although, when obtaining data on the variables, it is possible to make forecasts, these are not entirely reliable, since they are considered premature. That means the representatives are required to build consensus through compromise, which results in moderate, centrist policies instead of sliding to the left or the right. Answer the what, not the why. New York: Free Press. It is possible that subjects evaluations of these rates of descriptive representation depend on the type of community they are thinking of. 3. Numbers and Newness: The Descriptive and Substantive Representation of Supporters of descriptive representation anticipate that descriptive representatives behave in distinct ways through which they are able to provide better substantive representation than non-descriptive representatives. frontiers in education conference 2022 0 items / $ 0.00. Under a standard system of proportional representation, voters are able to cast a single transferable vote, or an STV. Latinos and substantive representation in the US House of Representatives: Direct, indirect, or nonexistent? Farmer's Empowerment through knowledge management. Matthew Hayes. 2, The two types of designs used in descriptive research are described below: In cross-sectional designs, the variables are not affected by any type of process, which is why they only dedicate themselves to observing the event as it happens, limiting themselves only to analyzing them. 05.17.2018, https://electionlab.mit.edu/articles/descriptive-representation-election-administration. Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. descriptive representation pros and cons - chemtechspeciality.com Lawless, J. L. (2004). The alternative is to gather a random sample and then use the methodologies of inferential statistics to analyze the . There were 23 respondents who self-identified as Mixed Race, but they were not required to identify what combination of races they identify as. It is easier to make decisions and go further for data analysis. Proportional Representation: Definition, Example, Pros & Cons For notable exceptions, see Tate (2003) and Casellas and Wallace 2015). Canada, France, and India join the U.S. and the United Kingdom as being an alternative structure. Conservatives and right-wing liberals have traditionally opposed it, while left-wing political parties and social movements often regard quotas for marginalized groups as decisive progressive measures in struggles for democracy and justice. I claim that a . Baker, A., & Cook, C. (2005). Descriptive research can provide valuable insights into a particular situation. When nondescriptive representatives have, for various reasons, greater descriptive representation pros and cons - ricepharmacy.com It allows us to not only understand human behavior but we can observes animals and even plants if we so desired, although that would be more or less useless including the data. 1. But the truth about that quote is that it actually arose from Henry Kett's 1814 collection of proverbs and Bon Mots called . One of the oldest forms of naming, descriptive titles are logical, functional, and utilitarian. PubMedGoogle Scholar. (1995). 4. The aim is to show that the moral . Researchers often times are faced with the decision of choosing a methodology of research; either Quantitative or Qualitative that they think best fits their study and objectives. The advantages of descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a baseline for future research. Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation in at least four contexts. WAPPP sat with Anna to chat about her book, which is the first trade publication to exclusively feature Black scholars and experts across economics, education, health, and climate. Dawson, M. C. (1995). There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Descriptive Representation In Congress | American Congress To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon.coms mechanical turk. Naturalistic Observation is a frequently utilized research method in which one observes a certain behavior. Political Behavior Naturalistic observational research is important because it allows researchers to observe people in a natural habitat without any variable manipulation. Even in countries that have encouraged proportional representation, some of the largest changes that have occurred in those societies happened when an absolute majority was present within the government. The advantages of descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a baseline for future research. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Descriptive representation allows for adequate communication in contexts of mistrust What is the relate-ability benefit of Descriptive Representation People will be more likely to communicate more with someone with whom they share a racial identity. AP gov chapter 11 terms Flashcards - Questions and Answers - Quizlet Several countries, since 2016, have elected representatives and leaders that have promoted isolationist views. Tyler, T. R. (1990). Wh, The failed NFL diversity rule corporate America loves, Practicing DEI: A Conversation with HKS Alums, International Womens Day Community Breakfast, Harvard Alumni Allyship Series: International Women's Day, But the Fellows Are Simply Diversity Hires! How Organizational Contexts Influence Status Beliefs, 3 Negotiation Myths Still Harming Womens Careers. 2. Does ethnicity matter? Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. Descriptive research is used to gain information about behavior. 5. Journal of Politics, 72, 90104. what does silent notifications mean; why is there a shortage of paper towels again? Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. There may even be safe states in U.S. presidential elections since most states award all electoral votes to the majority candidate. pros and cons of descriptive representation 3. The closer assessment of pros and cons will. The Symbolic Benefits of Descriptive and Substantive Representation WAPPP has compiled resources from across Harvard University on what the historic ruling means for reproductive rights and other protected civil liberties. Amazons mechanical turk a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? It is where the conceptual phase of the research, such as thestatement of the problem,meets theoperational phase, such as the method and instruments of the investigation. The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. Descriptive Naming: What Are Descriptive Brand Names? In Belgium, the negotiations required after their 2010 election to form a governing coalition took 18 months to complete, leaving a crippled government in its place where nothing got done. PDF A Study of Strengths and Weaknesses of Descriptive Assessment from - ed The American Political Science Review, 535547. Gay, C. (2001). It provides a system of true representation. Constituency opinion and congressional behavior: A reexamination of the Miller-Stokes representation data. Other nations experience higher levels of voter turnout than these 5 nations because their vote really does count on some level. 0. Harvard Kennedy School village 201 new townhomes by alliance development virginia palmer elementary school staff. It creates a system of government where more voices can be heard, but fewer actually receive a listening ear. This method allows a researcher to watch someones uninhibited reactions compared to surveys or case surveys where you can answer truthfully or untruthfully. nebraska softball roster; jacksonville, fl hurricane risk; descriptive representation pros and cons - mitocopper.com helvetia 20 franc gold coin 1947 value; pros and cons of descriptive representation. The most prevalent number-based scholarship linking women's descriptive and substantive political repre While descriptive research can be a powerful tool, it has its pros and cons. They can determine results and guarantee their accuracy by manipulating and isolating certain variables, removing those that are extraneous and unwanted. Until a candidate reaches more than the set share of votes, no one is declared a winner. Under the system of proportional representation, seats are not awarded based on community or district voting. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. The seldom receive access to the majority coalition and rarely earn an absolute majority, but there is always the possibility that their voiced opinions will gain traction with the general population. It allows you to collect data in a natural environment that gives high-quality and honest data collection. It is more difficult to have extremism in government when proportional representation is in place as a full majority is more difficult to achieve. With more voices heard, there is a better chance that real action can be taken within the government. First, the effects of a politician's race is likely to Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Koch, J. descriptive representation pros and cons - solanoverdewater.com However the disadvantages are; lack of control of variables, observer bias, limited to public places or certain types of behaviours, which may create ethical issues. GAP added 6 new summaries on intersectionality in 2022, bringing the total intersectional summaries to 61, 21% of all research included on GAP. . Congresswomen and symbolic representation. PDF Is All Descriptive Representation Equal?: A Closer Look at Latino The models have parameters which may be useful in understanding the focus of the matter such as a mean, standard deviation of the variable and standard deviation of the mean as examples. . Tate, K. (2001). It describes the characteristics of a citizens or circumstance being studied. Read the latest issue. Constituency influence in Congress. Why people obey the law: Procedural justice, legitimacy, and compliance. systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). The downsides of using descriptive research include that it is limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. Redrawing a congressional district to intentionally benefit one political party. Using observation, qualitative data can be collected on the habits of supermarket customers regarding the purchases they make in it. You gain tremendous benefits by working with a random sample drawn from a population. 2. It reduces the effects of extremism in politics. It is particularly useful when researchers want to gain insights into a particular topic or identify trends. pros and cons of descriptive representation | June 29 / 2022 | accidentally crushed birth control pillaccidentally crushed birth control pill An experimental comparison study in which participants are allocated to treatment/intervention or control/placebo groups using a random mechanism (see randomisation). Descriptive research is one of the most basic forms of research that can be conducted to gain insights into a particular subject. Through the resource of the survey, it is possible to carry out a descriptive investigation that yields information about the number of hours per day that children in a particular population play. U.S Congress.docx - Surname 1 Name: Professor: Course: descriptive representation pros and consupgrading kramer baretta specialupgrading kramer baretta special In light of recent administrative irregularities that have reduced the confidence thatblack votershave in elections, the value of seeing a reflection of oneself when entering the polling location to cast a ballot should not be minimized. It allows us to see part of the human mind and how it works and how it interact with others. If a voter knows that their candidate is polling 20 points behind, then voting for that candidate is essentially a wasted vote. So if we did a study on say How many gangs are in Los Angeles? This will give us an answer of how many of something, like a situation that is being studied. As political parties, legislative committees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descriptive representation most useful. As I write, descriptive representation by gender improves substantive outcomes for women in every polity for which we have a measure. & Kuklinski, J. H. (1979). Descriptive statistics on the dependent variables can be found in the Appendix (Supplementary material). Naturalistic observations were used by Charles Darwin during his research on chimpanzee; nonetheless, Charles Darwin was so fascinated by observing how primates and humans are acting in similar ways and having influence to another. Critical Mass and Women's Substantive Representation Women's descriptive representation and the literature that addresses the means by which more women might be elected to national office involve, at face value, number-based models. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils Including either actual or perceived percent black in the community as covariates had no effect on our substantive findings. The research design is used to draw up the work plan to follow in the research. Descriptive Research Design - Methods, Advantages & Disadvantages The main question I consider in the paper is how to overcome the essentialism of descriptive representation. Indiana University, 210 Woodburn Hall, 1100 East Seventh Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA, You can also search for this author in Furthermore, it is applied only to a group, over which it has no control whatsoever. Barnes, T. D. & Burchard, S. M. (2012). Journal of Politics, 68(2), 233247. Spirals of trust? American Politics Research, 43, 144169. Race, political empowerment, and minority perceptions of judicial fairness. For example, those living in diverse communities might find 5 black representatives too low, whereas those living in homogeneous white communities might find 5 black representatives too high. Instead, descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. WAPPP Co-Director Iris Bohnet will be a featured panelist in the upcoming policy forum on Using Innovation and Technology to Advance Gender Equality" hosted by @ipinst, @swiss_un, and @INTGenderChamps. Gay, C. (2002). Descriptive statistics can be useful for two purposes: 1) to provide basic information about variables in a dataset and 2) to highlight potential relationships between variables. Congress in black and white. Descriptive designs -the current state of affairs, Provides a relatively complete picture, does not assess relationships among variables Experimental - impact on experimental manipulations on a dependent variable, Allows drawing of conclusions, Cannot experimentally manipulate many important variables, Descriptive research, this will not answer questions like how, when, why it has happened. Some of the disadvantages of naturalistic observations is that the observers dont have control over the research and sometimes by not having control the research can be bad or the experiment itself can go wrong and something could happen to the observer or the observed. Watch the livestream here: https://t.co/JVFHDCOYJv, Many of us look at conflict as something wed rather avoid than engage in confidently. Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. They are a concern whether a medication can cause damage to the fetal. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative research. 50 Intense Pros and Cons of Dropping the Atomic Bomb, 20 Intriguing Pros and Cons of Becoming a State National, Pros And Cons Of Higher Education For Police Officers. Degree of Control over Variables. The WAGE research initiative focuses on data-driven strategies organizations can use to "debias" their systems and create more inclusive workplaces, as well as interventions that enhance individuals agency in negotiating more gender-equitable work arrangements, including paid and unpaid labor. Desposato, S., & Norrander, B. Advantage The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. pros and cons of descriptive representation Making Elections Accessible and Meaningful Providing Incentives for Conciliation Facilitating Stable and Efficient Government Holding the Government Accountable Holding Individual Representatives Accountable Encouraging Political Parties Promoting Legislative Opposition and Oversight Making the Election Process Workable and Sustainable