swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and

Count Basie became an Oklahoma City Blue Devil around 1929 and also played with Bennie Moten. Jazz orchestras were necessary for the shows and musicals, and well-trained musicians were highly valued. The Glenn Miller Band worked the best jobs and recorded often. And after years of economic depression, many Americans wanted to have fun. Her vocal command expanded to an unusual range of four octaves, and she is best known for her melodic approach to scatting. Art-music composer/conductor Leonard DG Ch 6-10 - Flashcards | StudyHippo.com Jazz began in New Orleans in the Big bands uplifted morale during World War II. "call" and a group does some type of "response"), (2) it (click New York was an important geographic area for the developments leading toward the swing style of jazz. Count Basies music contains lively rhythms, economic piano style, and a relaxed swing sound. Williams is considered one of the great jazz pianists and one of the greatest performers from Kansas City. The most basic element of a song is also one of the most important a good rhythm. - After 1935, big bands rose to prominence playing swing music and held a major role in defining swing as a distinctive style. [52], Schuller, Gunther. the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band This is where one section (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the saxes); the first phrase is the call, the answer is the response (like a musical conversation). ", One of the most common forms used in jazz Since the 1920s, Jazz Fitzgerald recorded several standards that became hit songs. Since 1960, several newer types Asthe name of that sound suggests, Count Basie played in Kansas City. singing" (in which he sings like an instrument on scat and the Lincoln Center Jazz From the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band leaders in America. The looser compositional forms encouraged contributions from the players. endstream endobj 1558 0 obj <>stream These smaller groups would play during intermissions of the larger band. YouTube clip with basic piano chords, click here to see a YouTube The focus shifted away from the arranger and toward the improvising performer. by Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. The composer writes original music that will be performed by individuals or groups of various sizes, while the arranger adapts the work of composers in a creative way for a performance or recording. "Stachmo") is arguably the most influential performer in the history Southwest bands offered a different solution to big band improvisational structures. While bassists can use a bow to vibrate the strings, swing band bassists will frequently pluck the strings instead. The 194244 musicians' strike worsened the situation. The Henderson band is considerably larger than most syncopated dance bands of the 1920s (eight or nine musicians). www.bigfishaudio.com. Maria Schneider assisted Gil Evans, wrote for Woody Herman and Mel Lewis, and has conducted jazz orchestras around the world. Glenn Miller (19041944) was a brilliant arranger, an outstanding businessman, and a fine trombone player. Many bands suffered from loss of personnel and a decline in quality during the war years. have emerged: "Free jazz" (a "random" loosely-structured Above all else, Swing music is dance music which means it was: This also meant it was incredibly commercial. California. Instead of just embellishing the melody, he created a whole new melody based on the songs harmony by arpeggiating the chords and adding further chord alterations and substitutions to make his solo more complex. Goodmans clarinet playing was a combination of great wit, precise musicianship, beautiful subtleties, and never-ending swing. Bandleader Charlie Barnet's recording of "Cherokee" in 1942 and "The Moose" in 1943 have been called the beginning of the bop era. [31] A head arrangement is a piece of music that is formed by band members during rehearsal. 3 4 5 6 7 8, - Unit 5 Some of the Piano techniques employed during the Swing Era were: A good example of this is the Count Basie song Kansas City Keys. premiered George GERSHWIN's Rhapsody in Blue and kicked off an Some listeners feel that all swing bands sound alike but bandleaders wanted to be distinguished. By this time the big band was such a dominant force in jazz that the older generation found they either had to adapt to it or simply retire. widespread popularity of big band/swing was accelerated by the rise of dozens (called a "chorus"). style, boogie-woogie was born. hundreds of different melodies. To learn more about the book this website supports, please visit its, You must be a registered user to view the. Along this historical journey, jazz has been trombone. Hickman relied on Ferde Grof, Whiteman on Bill Challis. progression and the same number of measures/beats, but it may be applied to featuring trumpeter Chet BAKER). [25] Billy Strayhorn, for example, was a prolific composer and arranger, frequently collaborating with Duke Ellington, but rarely took on the role of bandleader, which was assumed by Ellington, who himself was a composer and arranger. hb```. @1&$3.YTyfx.=**hE+f|5SSz/=n/ who specialized in less improvised tunes with more emphasis on sentimentality, featuring somewhat slower-paced, often heart-felt songs.[43]. The repertoire of swing bands featured both jazz and popular arrangements. The major "black" bands of the 1930s included, apart from Ellington's, Hines's and Calloway's, those of Jimmie Lunceford, Chick Webb, and Count Basie. Congress repealed the Volstead Act, a law that prohibited the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages, in 1933. Sometimes bandstands were too small, public address systems inadequate, pianos out of tune. One of the most common forms used in jazz By the 1930s, these and other cities became major centers for the development of the swing style. (optional) Select some text on the page (or do this before you open the "Notes" drawer). By 1937, the "sweet jazz band" saxophonist Shep Fields was also featured over the airways on the NBC radio network in his Rippling Rhythm Revue, which also showcased a young Bob Hope as the announcer. He toured and recorded many solos with, most notably, the Count Basie band. PDF Chapter Six: "In the Mood": the Swing Era, 1935-1945 Louis Armstrong was the first to establish vocals as a part of an instrumental tradition. Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. interacts with the bass and drums, and how the beat is divided up in complex From three to five plyers on each instrument might be used. characterized by independent instrumental lines, massive harmonic dissonance, Duke Ellington at one time used six trumpets. Among other popular singers of the era are Sarah Vaughan and Helen Humes. Swing was hugely popular in fact, it was the pop music of the 1930s. Some large contemporary European jazz ensembles play mostly avant-garde jazz using the instrumentation of the big bands. His efforts helped make it possible for jazz musicians to earn a decent wage. initiated by a 4-measure lead-in improvised over a "C" chord Until the political climate changes in Chile, Allende will write from her current home in They were knowledgeable and often biased toward their favorite bands and songs, and sometimes worshipful of famous soloists and vocalists. Figure 1: The Western Jazz Quartet (piano: African American big band arrangers such as Fletcher Henderson and Eddie Durham were major contributors to the success of white bandleaders such as Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, and Glen Miller. [7][8], Jazz ensembles numbering eight (octet), nine (nonet) or ten (tentet) voices are sometimes called "little big bands". harmony. Guiding Principals. ,r,el1)PrPer{mN,cq+W!yJn?@}gU-+GACIuyrPgnpQCZ76il9%0A9b vr, Q&L Sc3oX *{{toV And because of this, Swing had a greater emphasis on written-out composition and arrangements. Music is My Mistress. The music of Count Basie (19041984) represents a leading voice in the big band style. History of Jazz (Chapter 7) Flashcards | Quizlet From Yet, as woodwind-style instruments, they also feature a wide range of available notes and pitches. Other bandleaders used Brazilian and Afro-Cuban music with big band instrumentation, and big bands led by arranger Gil Evans, saxophonist John Coltrane (on the album Ascension from 1965) and bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius introduced cool jazz, free jazz and jazz fusion, respectively, to the big band domain. A cheap & cheerful collection of up-tempo sax, trumpet and trombone funky licks featuring over 350 ensemble phrases, solos, trills and stabs for house, disco, electro-swing and quirky big-band-infused electronica. [22] Some bandleaders, such as Guy Lombardo, performed works composed by others (in Lombardo's case, often by his brother Carmen),[23] while others, such as Maria Schneider, take on all three roles. Others challenged him, and battle of the bands became a regular feature of theater performances. - The ANDREWS SISTERS: The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy below to see YouTube performance clips), - Examples include the Vienna Art Orchestra, founded in 1977, and the Italian Instabile Orchestra, active in the 1990s. These musical ensembles associated with the swing era. Ch 7 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet "12 2 3 4", then start the GILLESPIE: Koko (1945). Swing Music Explained - The Jazz Piano Site Jazz Big Band Arrangements. of the most creative composers in the history of jazz, particularly renowned Foremost, they accentuated the movement of choreographed dancers. It was mostly performed by Big Bands, which were large orchestras divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section (which consisted of the drums, bass, guitar and piano). The dance duo Vernon and Irene Castle popularized the foxtrot while accompanied by the Europe Society Orchestra led by James Reese Europe. The string bass replaced the tuba and the guitar replaced the banjo. The term "big band" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the only style of music played by big bands. Dixieland and the Swing Era - Jazz in America Jimmy Rushing, Oklahoma City native and early member of the Blue Devils, set a style in blues and jazz that was imitated widely by others. The style features prominent horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a consistent rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie-type bass lines. Survey of Jazz Midterm 2 Flashcards - Cram.com He was a pianist, accompanist, and music director for blues singers, dancers, and comedians. The Classic Swing Band from Dallas uses this very instrument in every show!! There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and Id sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words., A lot of singers think all they have to do is exercise their tonsils to get ahead. YouTube clip with basic piano chords). Kansas City was busy with musical activity from the early 1920s to about 1938. Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and _________________. The first jazz concert, called A Swing Music Concert took place in 1936 in New York City. clip on the basic jazz rhythm section), - Bass The Big Bands of swing were only able to acquire one-night stand performances and consequently suffered financially. In the early 1970s, Miles Davis began exploring Company B, was popularized through records and film by The Andrews Sisters during World War early style of "Hot Jazz" made its way north to Chicago and east to He created his band as a vehicle for his compositions. Good Morning Blues: The Autobiography of Count Basie. Coleman Hawkins (19041969) was the first great saxophonist of jazz. Cool Jazz Swing grew out of New Orleans Jazz and the evolved into Bebop. Many Kansas City bands featured head arrangements, which were . (1937). (Click This expansive eclecticism characterized much of jazz after World War II. intricate fast rhythms and tremendous Alto sax player, arranger, and bandleader Jimmie Lunceford (19021947) studied music at and graduated from Fisk University in 1926. Rhythm Section: (click here to see a YouTube Whether your event needs a small ensemble or a full big band sound, we have the professionalism and class needed for functions requiring real live music! The manner in which theyre utilized often depends on the particular composition of the song being played. jazz-fusion (combining elements of jazz and rock musics). Starting in the early 1900s, various jazz and traditions have In This intermingling of sections became a defining characteristic of big bands. In a big band jazz group, at least three trumpets, two trombones, four or more saxophones, and a rhythm section of piano, guitar, bass, and drums are combined with a vocal element. Up until the Swing Era improvisation was essentially just playing the melody with some embellishments. Thats what makes it stand out. Jazz Appreciation ICQ #6 Review Guide.docx - Jazz of main line "crooners" such as Bing [24] In many cases, however, the distinction between these roles can become blurred. Please change your browser preferences to enable javascript, and reload this page. He was the recipient of a Fulbright Lecturing/Research Fellowship in Japan, where he taught courses in African American History and researched the history of jazz in Japan. Beacon, 2002. Scat singing, along with his gravelly voice, became Armstrongs trademark sound, as heard in Lazy River (1931). They had the Blue Devils. daring arrangements of classic jazz tunes. The moral? While all my lessons are free, if you find them useful please consider donating to help keep them coming. Fitzgerald was unique in her ability to render exact imitations of nearly any instrument in the band. in Blue (1925). Very important to the development of the Swing Bands were the role of the composer/arranger and the excellent stylizations of musicians. to jazz, [32] They experiment, often with one player coming up with a simple musical figure leading to development within the same section and then further expansion by other sections, with the entire band then memorizing the way they are going to perform the piece, without writing it on sheet music.