[27], On 10 February, the 5th Canadian Armoured Division loaded its 450 tanks and 320 Bren gun carriers on flat wagons in Rimini and Riccione, from whence they moved by rail to Leghorn. [63][64] When mounted on the proposed trailer, the 15-metre (50ft) LCM was 4.6 metres (15ft) high, which left only 7.6 centimetres (3in) of clearance under some of the bridges they had to pass under between Antwerp and the staging area around Nijmegen. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. British Army of the Rhine - YouTube 0:00 / 58:47 British Army of the Rhine Ichioku 334 subscribers Subscribe 6.6K views 1 year ago BBC Documentary from 2012 (small edit to avoid. [51] Rations were moved forward however, and 2,318,222 rations were stockpiled for Operation Veritable. From 1952 the commander-in-chief of the BAOR was also the commander of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) in the event of a general war with the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact. The troops in the assault units were issued with 24-hour ration packs, together with a Tommy cooker and a tin containing tea, condensed milk and sugar, enabling the troops in the front line to brew a hot cup of tea. 206 FMC. Large numbers of displaced persons were also encountered, and they were accommodated in special camps. The transfer involved 102,415 troops. [79] Seven American combat engineer battalions assisted with road and bridge maintenance in the British Second Army area. At the beginning of March 1945, the 21st Army Group had bulk petrol transport capacity of about 2,700 tonnes (2,700 long tons) per day, assuming 80 per cent of the vehicles were running. Adjutant Generals Base AGDU Army Guard Dog Unit AGR Army General Reserve A.G.R.A. After some debate, the Combined Chiefs of Staff endorsed his strategy at the Malta Conference in January and February 1945. Deliveries of ammunition averaged 4,800 tonnes (4,700 long tons) per day, peaking at 9,300 tonnes (9,150 long tons) on 25 March. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after . Three trains a day were run over this route under an arrangement with SHAEF and the American Military Railway Service. Army personnel will be permanently based in the country where the UK is retaining the 45-square mile Sennelager Training Area, which provides both UK and NATO forces with an expansive live firing. [43] Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition was made available for Operation Veritable. During February 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were delivered to the XXX Corps railheads. This was a problem as its special equipment was not stocked. 11 Army Roadhead, it was dependent on the daily arrival of ammunition trains. British Forces Germany (BFG) was the generic name for the three services of the British Armed Forces, made up of service personnel, UK Civil Servants, and dependents (family members), based in Germany. Emmerich was taken on 1 April after a three-day battle to provide an additional bridgehead. By January 1945, some 90,000 civilians were employed by the 21st Army Group, of whom half were employed in workshops in the advanced base, and 14,000 at the port of Antwerp. A request for an increase in the theatre reserves from 28 to 51 days was approved by the War Office, but it was not possible to increase the stockpile of ammunition, as this was already being shipped at the maximum rate. RAF Germany was disbanded as a separate command in 1993 as part of the reduction of British Armed Forces presence in Europe at the cessation of the Cold War. The corps sometimes had to send their transport back to the army roadheads to assist when major operations were required. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 08:31. This brought the amount of road transport capacity under Second Army's control to 31,580 tonnes (31,080 long tons), which was reckoned to be the equivalent of 76 general transport companies. [12] The two central garrisons - Gtersloh and Paderborn - combined to form a single 'super garrison' called Westfalen Garrison in April 2014. [30], A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. History of the british army of the rhine 06 09 14. The War Office found that it could provide another two field bakeries from the United Kingdom, along with three field butcheries that were already scheduled to be sent. British Army of the Rhine (post First World War) B.A.F.S.V. A new ordnance field park was formed to hold the equipment, which was shipped from the UK. [72][97], As the German forces crumbled before the Allied onslaught, the numbers of German prisoners of war grew to the point where orders were issued on 1 May that no more prisoners should be sent west of the Rhine. Many had seen hard use in the Ardennes, where they had demonstrated their utility, and large numbers were in the REME workshops. The 21st Army Group asked for four base supply depots (BSDs), six field bakeries, three field butcheries, a cold storage depot and two detail issue depots (DIDs). The second class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge, known as "Blackfriars", was built by the II Canadian Corps Engineers in 50 hours, starting at 10:00 on 26 March. Engineers soon had bridges over the Rhine in operation, which were then superseded by more permanent road and rail bridges. In a broader context, Barnett 1970 and Chandler and Beckett 2003 provide an essential overview of the experiences that have shaped the British Army over its long history. British Army Germany - Wikipedia Garrisons which closed at this time included Soest (home of the 6th Armoured Brigade),[8] Soltau (home of the 7th Armoured Brigade)[9] and Minden (home of the 11th Armoured Brigade).[10]. ST. Army Gymnastic Staff AH Army Health . British Army of the Rhine [BAOR] | The National Archives Expand or collapse the "in this article" section, Expand or collapse the "related articles" section, Expand or collapse the "forthcoming articles" section, Africa, Gunpowder and Colonial Campaigns in, All-Volunteer Army, Post-Vietnam Through 2016, Armed Forces of the Ottoman Empire, 16831918, Australia from the Colonial Era to the Present. [53], Once the battle commenced on 8 February, the main administrative task was replenishing the stocks of ammunition. In February, a French fuel installation was opened at Douai, and this was used to supply the Royal Air Force (RAF) airfields in the vicinity. 12 and 14 Army Roadheads were being run down. The offensive was supported by 600 field and 300 medium guns. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. [101] The vast resources brought to bear was in stark contrast with scarcities of the early war years. This included 15,000,000 rations, which were gradually eaten by the troops in the RMA. Operational research had shown that the number of guns saturating an area was more important than the actual weight of shells fired. To secure the required transportation resources, eleven general transport companies, seven artillery transport platoons, a tank transporter company, a bulk petrol transport company, a petrol depot, a bridge company and an ambulance car company were transferred from Italy. Overseas military bases of the United Kingdom - Wikipedia [2] With the end of the Cold War, and the Options for Change defence review in the early 1990s, BFG as a whole was considerably reduced, with the British presence centred on the 1st Armoured Division, and supporting elements. For this the British Second Army deployed 1,520 field and medium guns, and the US Ninth Army had 624 field and medium guns. Find British Army Of The Rhine stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. $35.86. British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) - GlobalSecurity.org Between 1945 and 1957, West Germany made a dizzying pivot from Nazi bastion to Britain's Cold War ally against the Soviet Union. 168 FMC near Goch. Mar 1. [94] New lines continued to be laid, the last one being laid to Bocholt on 24 May. british army of the rhine bases - khushboocatering.com [79], Vehicles crossing the Rhine did so with full fuel tanks and a reserve of filled jerricans. [13], With the departure of Major General John Henderson in March 2015, the Commanding Officer of British Forces Germany became a brigadier's post, with Brigadier Ian Bell assuming command. All this week on Forces TV we are focusing on 'Rebasing' from Germany, as the countdown to drawdown steps up a gear. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. 36 British_army_of_the_rhine Premium High Res Photos - Getty Images Part of Ministry of Defence. The history of BAOR, then, is not simply a history of an army formation. [81] The XXX Corps plan called for the construction of a class 9 FBE bridge, a class 15 Bailey pontoon bridge and two class 40 Bailey pontoon bridges. [87][88] A 300-metre (980ft) Class 9 FBE bridge was built over the Elbe at Lauenburg by the VIII Corps engineers on 29 April. Army of Occupation commanders.jpg 800 595; 155 KB. The BAOR Locationsteam-5 October 2009. [5], First established following the Second World War, the forces grew during the Cold War, and consisted, by the early 1980s, of I (BR) Corps made up of four divisions; 1st Armoured Division, 2nd Armoured Division, 3rd Armoured Division and the 4th Armoured Division. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. The Oxford History of the British Army. As a result of this fire it was decided to remove camouflage from the oil storage tanks, because it was not effective against the V-2, and hampered fire fighting efforts. They were then loaded into landing ships, tank (LSTs) that took them to Marseilles, and onto flat wagons again for the five-day railway journey to Dixmude. [92] There was an additional allocation of 5,100 tonnes (5,000 long tons) of road transport for the drive to the Baltic Sea on 26 April, and another 2,700 tonnes (2,700 long tons) was received by the end of the month. Although the book is concerned primarily with the British armys experiences prosecuting counterinsurgency campaigns after 1945, it proves a helpful reference guide to the composition of the British army and its overseas deployments between 1945 and 1970. British Army of the Rhine | Military Wiki | Fandom This involved a large expenditure of ammunition, including some that was in short supply like ML 4.2-inch mortar rounds and the Mark VIIIz ammunition used by the Vickers machine gun. WO2 Served from 1974 - 1994 Served in British Army of the Rhine. To conserve scarce manpower, the British and Canadian forces employed mechanisation and materiel to maximum effect. Technical Services BAOR (British Army of the Rhine), Shooting Team, 1969. Commanders in Chief. Blaxland 1971 and Mallinson 2009, for example, have produced histories of the army which are not entirely dominated by narratives of counterinsurgency campaigns. This was never satisfactorily implemented, and confusion and duplication was created by the same requests for additional ammunition being made through multiple channels. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War and the other after the Second World War. There were doubts as to whether this need could be met, but the situation was eased by the fortuitous arrival of 4,700 tonnes (4,600 long tons) of ammunition that had been pre-loaded on some of the transport that had been allocated by the 21st Army Group. The affectionate story of British servicemen and their families who had to make Germany a home from home in the decades after the Second World War. Contains informative chapters on the precarious position of BAOR during the austerity years of 19461953 and of the contribution made by BAOR to conventional deterrence throughout the Cold War. The average tonnage on the canal system rose steadily from 27,000 tonnes (27,000 long tons) in January to 35,000 tonnes (34,000 long tons) in February, 48,000 tonnes (47,000 long tons) in March and 56,000 tonnes (55,000 long tons) in April. In due course it was relieved by a vehicle park from Italy. [98] By May the ration strength of the 21st Army Group had risen to 1.711 million. By mid-May the 21st Army Group's reserves had been reduced by a quarter. BMH Iserlohn was one of several BAOR (British Army Of The Rhine) army hospitals in Germany. The deployment of BAOR on the European Central Front was symbolic of British political intent vis--vis European security and was the military means by which Britain sought to deter a conventional or nuclear Warsaw Pact attack. The British 6th Airborne Division was withdrawn to the UK and re-equipped there, but its seaborne tail had to be re-equipped by the 21st Army Group.
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